Nuclear magnetic resonance characterizes metabolic differences in Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus embryogenic and organogenic calli and their regenerated shoots

NMR-based metabolic profiling of polar extracts somatic embryogenic and organogenic cultures the medicinal plant Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus were studied. Regeneration through embryogenesis was done on media containing 2,4-D BAP while organogenesis achieved NAA BAP. Fifty-two metabolites identified in calli (EC), (OC), regenerated shoots (ES), (OS). Chemometrics cluster analysis used to depict correlation between groups investigated. Metabolic profiles revealed unique ES (serine lactate) OS (2-hydroxyisobutyrate, tyrosine, histamine homoserine). Quantitative differences as manifested by relative concentrations heat map fold change analyses significant following comparisons: type, tissues, shoot type. In a comparison types, proline, asparagine arginine upregulated EC sucrose OC. When comparing monosaccharides EC, pyroglutamate 4-aminobutyrate ES. Upon trigonelline increased 17-fold OS; however, Finally, when 4-aminobutyrate, betaine proline ES, mono- disaccharides OS. The system characterized accumulation stress related (proline); glycolate only system. present work contributes understanding characteristics two regeneration systems OC, their shoots. (somatic organogenesis) examined using shoots, revealing clear qualitative quantitative at studied developmental stages.